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1.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 18(Supl. 1): 459-520, fev 14, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359289

ABSTRACT

O 5º Simpósio Internacional de Neuroquímica e Fisiopatologia da Célula Glial aconteceu em conjunto com o 10º Simpósio de Atualização em Farmacologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, de 09 a 12 de outubro de 2019 no Pavilhão Felipe Serpa (PAF I) no Campus Ondina, em Salvador-Bahia. Além de pesquisadores locais, o evento contou com a participação de renomados palestrantes do Brasil, das Américas e da Europa e Oceania, que apresentaram e discutiram avanços no entendimento de aspectos da neuroquímica, imunologia, fisiologia e fisiopatologia de doenças que afetam o sistema nervoso e sobre o entendimento de alvos moleculares para descoberta de drogas.


Subject(s)
Congresses as Topic , Neurochemistry
2.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 27(4): 794-805, Oct-Dec/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-728852

ABSTRACT

This review of the state of art aimed to present the most recent data on neuronal, neurochemical, hormonal and genetic bases of paternal care using MEDLINE and PsycInfo databases (1970-2013). An integrated model of biological substrates that assist men in the transition to fatherhood is presented. Guided by a genetic background, hypothalamic-midbrain-limbic-paralimbic-cortical circuits were found to be activated in fathers when infant stimuli are presented. A set of specific neuropeptides and steroid hormones are produced and seem to be related to brain activation, potentiating the paternal phenotype. Together, genetic, brain and hormonal processes suggest the existence of biological bases of paternal care in humans, activated and enhanced by infant stimuli and responsive to variations in the father-infant relationship. (AU)


A presente revisão teve por objectivo apresentar o estado de arte dos dados mais recentes sobre as bases neuronais, neuroquímicas, hormonais e genéticas da paternidade, com recurso às bases de dados MEDLINE e PsycInfo (1970-2013). É apresentado um modelo de integração conceptual dos substratos biológicos que assistem os homens na transição para a parentalidade. Guiado por um background genético, circuitos neuronais hipotalámicos-mesencefálicos-límbicos-paralímbicos-corticais surgem ativados em pais quando lhes são apresentados estímulos infantís. Um conjunto de neuropéptidos e hormonas esteróides são também produzidos e relacionam-se com a activação neuronal, potenciando o fenótipo paternal. No seu conjunto, processos genéticos, neuronais e hormonais sugerem a existência de uma base biológica do comportamento paternal em humanos, activada e potenciada por estímulos infantís e responsiva a variações na relação pai-filho. (AU)


Subject(s)
Paternal Behavior/physiology , Paternity , Genetic Phenomena , Neurochemistry
3.
São Paulo; s.n; 2013. 149 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-721074

ABSTRACT

A investigação da fisiopatologia do transtorno bipolar em pacientes no início da doença é uma estratégia para evitar um potencial efeito de confusão associado à duração da doença, presença de múltiplos episódios de alteração do humor e tratamento medicamentoso. Nosso objetivo foi investigar, in vivo, metabólitos neuronais do hipocampo de portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB) usando a espectroscopia por ressonância magnética de próton (1H-ERM) logo após o seu primeiro episódio de mania. Para isso, foram estudados cinqüenta e oito pacientes com TAB tipo I, classificados de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV (APA, 2000), após o primeiro episódio de mania e 27 indivíduos saudáveis utilizando a 1H-ERM com um aparelho Philips Achieva de 3T. Voxels com 30X15X15 mm foram posicionados no hipocampo em ambos os lados do cérebro e o sinal foi adquirido utilizando uma sequência PRESS com TE = 35ms e TR = 2000ms. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o programa LC Model. Os níveis de N-acetil-aspartato, compostos de colina, mio-inositol, creatina e glutamina + glutamato (Glx) foram comparados entre os grupos e não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre eles. Esses achados sugerem que no início do curso do TAB não há alterações no metabolismo neuronal ou vulnerabilidade no hipocampo após o primeiro episódio maníaco.


The investigation of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder in patients at disease onset is a strategy to avoid a potential confounding effect associated with disease duration, presence of multiples mood episodes and pharmacological treatment. Our purpose was to investigate, in vivo, neuronal metabolites in the hippocampus of bipolar disorder (BD) patients using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) soon after their first manic episode. We studied fifty-eight BD I patients meeting DSM-IV (APA, 2000) criteria following their first episode of mania and 27 healthy subjects using 1H-MRS with a 3.0 T Philips Achieva scanner. Voxels with 30X15X15 mm were placed in the hippocampus on both sides of the brain and the signal was collected using a PRESS sequence with TE = 35ms and TR = 2000ms. Data analysis was performed using the LC Model software. N- Acetyl-Aspartate, choline compounds, myo-inositol, creatine and glutamine + glutamate (Glx) levels were compared between the groups and no statistically significant differences were found. These results suggest that early in the course of BD there are no alterations in neuronal metabolism or vulnerability in the hippocampus after the first manic episode.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Bipolar Disorder , Hippocampus , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mood Disorders , Neurochemistry
4.
São Paulo; s.n; 2011. 181 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601490

ABSTRACT

A interpretação dos achados laboratoriais no estabelecimento da causa mortis consiste na integração dos conhecimentos sobre a toxicocinética e toxicodinâmica do agente, conhecimentos de sua redistribuição post mortem (RPM) e achados necroscópicos que possibilitem o nexo causal entre o toxicante e o efeito letal. Neste sentido, é importante considerar que somente as concentrações de cocaína (COC) e seus metabólitos podem não ser determinantes na interpretação da causa de morte, podendo ser útil o cotejamento com outros parâmetros, como os níveis de neurotrasmissores que representem o mecanismo de ação do fármaco. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a RPM da COC e seu metabólito benzoilecgonina (BE) em três segmentos do tecido encefálico (TE), no humor vítreo (HV) e sangue (SG), bem como determinar as concentrações de catecolaminas e indolaminas no encéfalo para avaliar a aplicação da neuroquímica post mortem (NPM) na toxicologia forense. No estudo de RPM foram quantificados os níveis de COC e BE em três segmentos do TE (córtex frontal, núcleos da base e cerebelo), no HV e no SG através de método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) acoplada ao detector de arranjo de diodos. Os estudos de neuroquímica foram realizados empregando-se HPLC acoplada ao detector eletroquímico. Os resultados indicaram que as concentrações médias de COC foram maiores no TE, seguido por SG e HV (3,09, 2,92 e 1,71 µg/mL, respectivamente), enquanto para BE foram maiores em SG, seguido por HV e TE (6,12, 1,39 e 0,87 µg/mL, respectivamente). As concentrações de COC se apresentaram distribuídas uniformemente nos três segmentos de TE e apresentaram alta correlação com o HV. Adicionalmente, a média de concentrações de dopamina total foi maior no grupo de indivíduos com amostras positivas para COC, sendo verificado diferença significativa entre este grupo e o de indivíduos com amostras negativas para o fármaco de interesse. Os resultados demostraram que o estudo...


In case of intoxication, the interpretation of analytical results to assess the cause and process of death requires knowledge about toxicokinetics, toxicodynamic, postmortem redistribution, and autopsy elements. Cocaine-related deaths occur mainly after prolonged drugs use and the presence of cocaine (COC) in fluids or tissues does not prove that death was due to COC consumption, and the interpretation of postmortem concentrations is even more complicated than attempts at making such correlations in the living. The objectives of this study were to investigate the post mortem redistribution (PMR) of COC and its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) in three segments of brain (frontal cortex, base nucleous, and cerebellum), vitreous humor, and blood. In additional, catecholamines and indolamines were quantified in brain in order to evaluate the usefulness of post mortem neurochemistry (PMN) in forensic toxicology. In PMR studies were quantified the COC and BE levels in three brain (BR) segments, in vitreous humor (VH), and blood (BL) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection, and for neurochemistry studies the neurotransmitters were quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection. A homogenous distribution of COC and BE within frontal cortex, base nucleous, and cerebellum was found. The COC media concentrations were 3.09, 2.92 e 1.71µg/mL in BR, BL and VH, respectively, and the BE media concentrations were 6.12, 1.39 e 0.87 µg/mL in BL, VH, and BR, respectively. The COC concentrations in VH show high correlation with brain. The media total dopamine concentration was significant higher in COC positive group. These findings suggest that the studies of PMR and PMN by neurotransmitters levels may be useful to assess the cause and process of death.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cocaine/chemistry , Cocaine/toxicity , Death , Neurochemistry , Analysis of Variance , Autopsy/statistics & numerical data , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Physiology , Tissue Distribution , Toxicology
5.
Univ. psychol ; 9(3): 663-678, sept. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-575041

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron dos aproximaciones al estudio de la neurobiología del aprendizaje en peces teleósteos: lesiones cerebrales y estimulación química. Respecto al efecto de lesiones cerebrales, la literatura reporta que las ablaciones del telencéfalo producen deficiencias en habituación, mientras que las lesiones en el cerebelo afectan el condicionamiento clásico de retracción ocular y aprendizaje espacial (efectos similares observados en mamíferos sugieren que las funciones del cerebelo pudieron haber evolucionado tempranamente en la historia de los vertebrados). Áreas del Medium Pallium (MP) parecen ser vitales en el aprendizaje emocional de los peces; más aún, las funciones del MP aparentan ser similares a las de la amígdala en mamíferos. Con respecto a procesos neuroquímicos, los antagonistas de los receptores NMDA, mostraron afectar la adquisición de condicionamiento de evitación y miedo. Por último, el óxido nítrico y el guanosín monofosfato cíclico han sido relacionados con los procesos de consolidación del aprendizaje emocional.


Two predominant approaches for studying the neurobiology of learning in fish are reviewed: brain lesions and chemical stimulation. Habituation, sensitization, Pavlovian Conditioning, spatial behavior, and emotional learning are the specific processes analyzed. Regarding the effect of brain lesions, telencephalic ablations produced impairment of habituation learning; conversely, cerebellum lesions caused deficiencies in classical conditioning of eye-retraction and spatial learning (similar effects observed in mammals suggest that the functions of the cerebellum may have evolved early in vertebrate history). Medium Pallium (MP) areas have been identified as critical for emotional learning in fish. Furthermore, neurobehavioral functions of MP seem to be similar to the functions of the amygdala in mammals. Relating to neurochemical processes, NMDA receptor antagonists affected the acquisition of avoidance and fear conditioning in a dose-dependent manner. Alternatively, Nitric Oxide (NO) and cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) seem to be involved in the consolidation process of emotional learning.


Subject(s)
Animals , Neurochemistry , Cerebrum/injuries
6.
Rev. bras. psicoter ; 10(1): 99-111, ago. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-508557

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho examina a paixão desde perspectivas diversas: evolutiva,neuroquímica, psicológica e contextual. Examina as duas faces da paixão,ilustrando-as com exemplos clínicos: seu lado luminoso, que leva as pessoasa vivenciarem grandes satisfações na vida amorosa, e seu lado sombrio,que acarreta muitos sofrimentos, impulsionando alguns indivíduos ao extremo do crime passional. Faz algumas reflexões sobre a relação entre o sexo, a paixão e o complexo sentimento do amor. Examina os diferentes circuitos cerebrais que regulam o desejo sexual, a paixão e o amor e considera algumas implicações dessa diversidade sobre o trabalho com indivíduos e casais com dificuldades nas relações amorosas, valendo-se de duas vinhetas clínicas.


This paper approaches passion from different perspectives: evolutionary,neurochemical, psychological and in context. It looks at it from two distinctangles, using clinical situations to illustrate them: its bright side, which leads people to experience great satisfaction in their love life, and its dark side, which causes suffering, impelling some people to extremes such as passion crimes. It speculates on the association between sex, passion and the complex love feelings. It also reflects upon different brain circuits involved in the sexual desire, passion and love and takes into account the role of this diversity on daily work with individuals and couples whose love relationships are difficult.


Subject(s)
Affect , Couples Therapy , Love , Neurochemistry , Sexology
7.
Rev. bras. psicoter ; 10(1): 89-96, ago. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-508558

ABSTRACT

A autora apresenta uma conferência em que aborda a neurobiologia do amor.Considera o amor um processo neuro-bio–comportamental que caracterizasepelos níveis do apaixonar-se (experiência subjetiva) e a fase do attachment. A seguir discorre sobre os mecanismos cerebrais e neuroquímicos envolvidos na experiência do apaixonar-se e da atração. Enfatiza os resultados de suas pesquisas, especialmente o envolvimento da serotonina na experiência da paixão e do hormônio ocitocina na experiência do attachment


The author presents a conference about the neurobiology of love. Love isregarded as a neuro-bio-behavioral process which is described by the different levels of falling in love (a subjective experience) and its attachment phase. After that, the cerebral and neurochemical mechanisms involved in the experience of falling in love and of the attraction are discussed. The outcomes of the research are emphasized, giving special attention to the association of serotonin in the passion experience as well as the oxytocin hormone in the attachment experience


Subject(s)
Affect , Love , Neurobiology , Neurochemistry , Sexology
8.
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2007; 20 (3): 188-195
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-134958

ABSTRACT

Present study was designed to monitor the responsiveness of 5HT [5-Hydroxytryptamine] -2C receptors following the long-term administration of haloperidol in rats. Effects of m-CPP [meta-Chlorophenyl piperazine] were monitored 48h after withdrawal from repeated [twice a day for 5 week] administration of haloperidol [at the dose of 1mg/kg]. Vacuous chewing movements [VCMs] were monitored on weekly basis. Two days after withdrawal, animals were injected with saline [1ml/kg of body weight] or m-CPP [3mr/kg of body weight]. Activities in open field and light dark activity box were monitored 15 and 30 min post injection respectively. Animals were then decapitated [4h post injection] to collect dorsal striatum [DS] samples for the neurochemical analysis by HPLC-EC [High performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical detection] method. Results from the present study showed significant hypolocomotive effect of m-CPP [p<0.05] in both repeated haloperidol as well as repeated saline injected rats. Neurochemical analysis of DS by HPLC-EC method showed that administration of m-CPP significantly [p<0.05] decreased 5-HIAA [5-Hydroxyindol acetic acid] in repeated haloperidol injected rats. In conclusion, present study provides evidence that 5HT-2C receptors become hypersensitive in a rat model of Tardive Dyskinesia [TD]. These findings have potential implication in the treatment of TD and attenuation of EPS induced by typical neuroleptics


Subject(s)
Female , Animals, Laboratory , Neurochemistry , Behavior/drug effects , Piperazines , Rats , Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced , Receptors, Serotonin , Extrapyramidal Tracts/drug effects
9.
Korean Journal of Anatomy ; : 85-93, 2007.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-653603

ABSTRACT

Spinal cord injury results in dramatic changes in the neurochemistry of peripheral and central micturition reflex pathways. We studied an animal model of spinal cord contusion injury using Sprague Dawley rats. Recoveries of motor and bladder functions were recorded, along with the changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in regions rostral and caudal to the injury site. Results are as follows: 1. Motor functions examined by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale were fully recovered 28 d after spinal cord injury. 2. Bladder functions, monitored urodynamically, changed from flaccid paralysis at 4 d after spinal cord injury to spastic paralysis at 14, 18, and 28 d. 3. BDNF immunoreactive neurons and glial cells were found in both gray and white matters of the normal spinal cord, and the numbers decreased gradually after spinal cord injury 4. BDNF enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results were almost the same as for immunohistochemistry, but the intensity of decrease was more prominent in the caudal than in the rostral regions. Distinguishing between the beneficial or detrimental effects of neurotrophic factors in the context of micturition reflexes or regenerative responses will be a challenge, but is essential to understanding the effects of therapies directed at blocking the effects of neuroactive compounds or neurotrophic factors.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunohistochemistry , Models, Animal , Muscle Spasticity , Nerve Growth Factors , Neurochemistry , Neuroglia , Neurons , Paralysis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reflex , Spinal Cord Injuries , Spinal Cord , Urinary Bladder , Urination , Urodynamics
10.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 1(2): 138-147, jul.-dic. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451803

ABSTRACT

Desde el punto de vista farmacológico, es importantecomprender qué es el alcohol y cómo actúa en el organismo. No existe una causa simple, sino unainteracción complicada de factores neuroquímicos,fisiológicos, psicológicos y sociales que originan y desarrollan esta grave enfermedad fármaco-dependiente.La acción psicofisiológica y farmacodinámica del alcoholes fundamentalmente depresiva, por la reducción de latransmisión sináptica en el sistema nervioso humano.Es un hecho conocido que el consumo excesivo de alcohol causa una disfunción aguda y crónica del cerebro,produciendo trastornos en el sistema nervioso central,presentando alteraciones en la memoria y en las funciones intelectuales como cálculo, comprensión y aprendizaje. A nivel hepático tiene lugar, en su mayoría,el metabolismo del alcohol, produciéndose un hígado graso alcohólico, aumentando el tamaño, terminando en necrosis e inflamación grave del hígado;esto se llama hepatitis alcohólica, y si se sigue consumiendoalcohol se desarrollará la cirrosis. El alcohol también ha estado relacionado con alteraciones del miocardio; se ha constatado en animales de experimentación sanos que tanto la velocidad de contraccióndel músculo cardiaco y su máxima tension...


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Neurochemistry , Physiology , Substance-Related Disorders
11.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2005 Apr; 49(2): 251-2
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-106970
12.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. xvii,143 p. graf, tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-586996

ABSTRACT

Um aumento da atividade da PLA2 e alterações do sistema dopaminérgico tem sido descrito em esquizofrenia. No presente estudo, foram investigados os efeitos da atividade da PLA2 sobre os receptores D1 e D2 em cérebro post mortem de 10 sujeitos. Foi encontrado que a PLA2GVI é responsável por 85% do total de atividade da PLA2 no cérebro. A estimulação da PLA2GVI (por EDTA) aumentou a afinidade de D1 em estriado e em CPF e diminuiu a afinidade de D2 em estriado. A inibição da PLA2GVI (por BEL) diminuiu a afinidade de D1 em estriado, e em CPF e CT. A estimulação da PLA2GVI resultou em aumento na densidade de D1 em CPF e CT, e de D2 em estriado. Uma elevação da PLA2 em esquizofrenia poderia contribuir para a biologia da doença através de alterações na neurotransmissão dopaminérgica.


Increased PLA2 activity and dopaminergic alterations have been described in schizophrenia. In the present study it was investigated the effects of PLA2 activity on D1 and D2 receptors in post mortem brain of 10 subjects. It was found that PLA2GVI corresponds to 85% of all PLA2 activity in the brain. The stimulation of PLA2GVI (by EDTA) increased D1 affinity in striatum and in PFC, and decreased D2 affinity in striatum. Conversely, the inhibition of PLA2GVI (using BEL) decreased D1 affinity in striatum, PFC and TC. The stimulation of PLA2GVI increased D1 density in PFC and TC, as well as the D2 density in striatum. The increased PLA2 activity in schizophrenia may contribute to the biology of the disease through alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brain Chemistry , Schizophrenia/etiology , Phospholipases A/analysis , Neurochemistry/methods , Receptors, Dopamine/analysis
13.
São Paulo; s.n; 2004. 203 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-407956

ABSTRACT

Prions são agentes etiológicos das encefalopatias espongiformes transmissíveis, doenças que acometem tanto homens quanto animais. A proteína infecciosa, PrPsc, é uma isoforma de uma proteína celular normal denominada PrPc. As funções de PrPc ainda causam controvérsia na literatura, mas já foi demonstrada a participação de PrPc em uma variedade de fenômenos biológicos, como homeostase de íons cobre, proteção contra estresse oxidativo, sinalização celular e neuritogênese entre outros. A interação de PrPc com laminina, uma proteína de matriz extracelular, leva a formação e manutenção de neuritos em neurônios hipocampais. Seguindo este caminho, demonstramos no presente trabalho a interação de PrPc com outra proteína de matriz extracelular, vitronectina (Vn)...


Subject(s)
Laminin , Ligands , Neuronal Plasticity , Prions , Vitronectin , Apoptosis , Neurochemistry
14.
São Paulo; s.n; 2004. [187] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-397890

ABSTRACT

Na doença de Alzheimer (DA) leve há prejuízo da memória de curta (MCD) e de longa duração (MLD) episódica, em correlação com a hipofunção do hipocampo. A atividade da fosfolipase A2 (PLA2) foi encontrada reduzida no hipocampo de pacientes com DA. A inibição da PLA2 na região CA1 de fatias hipocampais de ratos impede a indução da potenciação de longa duração, um mecanismo neuronal da MLD. Neste estudo, investigou-se os efeitos de injeções de inibidores da PLA2 na região CA1 do hipocampo de ratos sobre a formação da MCD e da MLD. A inibição da atividade da PLA2 prejudicou a formação da MCD e da MLD, sugerindo que a atividade reduzida da PLA2 pode contribuir para o prejuízo de memória na DA./In mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) there is impairment of episodic short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM), in correlation with the hypofunction of the hippocampus. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was found to be reduced in the hippocampus of AD patients. PLA2 inhibition in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices prevents the induction of long-term potentiation, a neuronal mechanism of LTM. In this study, we investigated the effects of injections of PLA2 inhibitors into the CA1 region of rat hippocampus on STM and LTM formation. PLA2 inhibition impaired STM and LTM formation, suggesting that reduced PLA2 activity may contribute to memory impairment in AD...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adult , Rats , Alzheimer Disease , Disease Models, Animal , Hippocampus , Membrane Fluidity , Phospholipases A/pharmacology , Memory , Neurochemistry/methods , Rats, Wistar
15.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association ; : 633-637, 2004.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-102130

ABSTRACT

With the structural and functional neuroimaging studies on alcohol use disorders, the neurobiology of alcohol use disorder can now be directly measured in vivo. This article reviews the findings of structural and functional neuroimaging studies related to alcohol use disorder. Issues about intoxication, dependence, withdrawal, abstinence, organic change induced by chronic alcohol use, neurochemistry and craving are discussed and its clinical implications and future direction of neuroimaging studies are also suggested.


Subject(s)
Functional Neuroimaging , Neurobiology , Neurochemistry , Neuroimaging
16.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 39(3): 243-257, jul.-set. 2003. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-356339

ABSTRACT

Os inúmeros avanços técnico-científicos das últimas décadas possibilitaram identificar e caracterizar a estrutura de uma variedade de neurotransmissores e de seus receptores no cérebro, bem como estudar suas interações. Nesse artigo serão relacionados os radiofármacos utilizados em medicina nuclear diagnóstica para acesso a neurorreceptores. Radioligantes cerebrais são moléculas marcadas com isótopos emissores de pósitron ou emissores de fótons (gama emissores) que se ligam seletivamente a sítios receptores específicos no SNC (Sistema Nervoso Central). Para utilização in vivo esses radioligantes não devem apresentar toxicidade e, também, não devem apresentar atividade farmacológica na dose administrada...


Subject(s)
Neurotransmitter Agents , Nuclear Medicine , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sensory Receptor Cells , Neurochemistry , Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods
17.
Suma psicol ; 10(2): 167-176, sept. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-468664

ABSTRACT

El cuidado maternal contempla una serie de conductas ubicadas en términos de comportamientos dentro de las conductas reproductoras, cuyos objetivos principales son el cuidado de la prole, su supervivencia y maduración. Desde el punto de vista de la investigación, la conducta maternal resulta ser un buen modelo de estudio ya que involucra multiplicidad de variables para su estudio. En este artículo se revisan en forma breve, la participación de las variables como las conductuales y neuroanatómicas, describiendo algunos estudios básicos y la implantación de estructuras como el Sistema Límbico y el Sistema Vomeronasal. Igualmente se evalúan las variables endocrinas que describen cambios hormonales durante la gestación, el parto y el postparto en la fluctuación de hormonas como la progesterona, el estaridol, la oxitocina y las láctogenas y los posibles efectos de transcripción genómica y de membrana que inducen cambios a nivel neuroquímico en la modulación y control de la conducta. Dentro del estudio neuroquímico de la conducta maternal destaca la participación de neurotransmisores como la dopamina, el glutamato, la serotonina y del sistema GABA-érgico como neurotransmisores inhibidores o activadores de acuerdo con la estructura neural involucrada. Como problema de investigación, la conducta maternal aporta un modelo completo de análisis dentro del campo de las neurociencias o de la psicobiología


Subject(s)
Animals , Neurotransmitter Agents , Behavior, Animal , Endocrinology , Hormones , Neurochemistry , Psychophysiology , Rats
18.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association ; : 5-6, 2002.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-146637

ABSTRACT

Mental functions, both normal and abnormal, are closely related to the brain function. On the other hand, it is also true that postnatal education and personal experiences could change the brain activities both chemically and physiologically and structurally. However, the relationships between the brain and mind are far from clear understanding, even though a variety of advanced knowledges and techniques, including brain imagings, neurochemistry and neuropsychopharmacology, and basic neurosciences, are at hands of scientists. In this special issue, the 5 psychiatrists took parts in elucidating the relationship between brain and mind from the point of cause of and therapeutic intervention for mental illnesses: 1) mental illness: disease of mind? 2) mental illness: disease of brain? 3) the role of biological interventions in mind 4) effect of psychological treatment: through brain change? and 5) effect of psychotherapy: through emotional growth?


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Education , Hand , Neurochemistry , Neurosciences , Psychiatry , Psychotherapy
19.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association ; : 39-45, 2002.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-146632

ABSTRACT

The author reviewed the relationship between psychotherapy and ego growth from psychoanalytic point of view. The effect of psychotherapy represents itself in ego growth. To illustrate this claim, the author reviewed Freud's concept on the effect of psychotherapy first and the concepts discussed in literatures after Freud. The main stance of this paper is that the effect of psychotherapy manifests itself in ego growth through therapeutic relationships. The author deduced that since the major part of the therapeutic process takes place unconsciously, one is unaware of his/her ego growth. Through psychotherapy, the immature part of the personality, which stoped growing in the course of development, starts to grow. It may be the ego growth either through gaining insight or the growth derived from the therapeutic relationship with the analyst. Mental illness can be looked upon as the loss of human nature, and the remedy lies in recovering the human nature. The lost human nature is recovered when one is in a therapeutic environment, that is very much maternal in nature. Psychotherapy may result in some changes in brain physiology or neurochemistry. It may take some time to bring about anatomical changes of the brain. If this assumption is correct that psychotherapy inflicts anatomical changes of the brain for it's positive effects, it should be accomplished through a long period of working-through of the problem. Some studies on this theme of neurophysiology and anatomical research are already in process and I hope to be able to explain the processes of psychotherapy in the near future.


Subject(s)
Brain , Ego , Hope , Human Characteristics , Neurochemistry , Neurophysiology , Physiology , Psychotherapy
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 59(3A): 643-644, Sept. 2001. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-295927
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